In 1961, Stanislaw Rozewicz created the novella film "Birth Certificate" in cooperation with his brother, Taduesz Rozewicz as screenwriter. Such brother tandems are rare in the history of film but aside from family ties, Stanislaw (born in 1924) and Taduesz (born in 1921) were mutually bound by their love for the cinema. They were born and grew up in Radomsk, a small town which had "its madmen and its saints" and most importanly, the "Kinema" cinema, as Stanislaw recalls: for him cinema is "heaven, the whole world, enchantment". Tadeusz says he considers cinema both a charming market stall and a mysterious temple. "All this savage land has always attracted and fascinated me," he says. "I am devoured by cinema and I devour cinema; I'm a cinema eater." But Taduesz Rozewicz, an eminent writer, admits this unique form of cooperation was a problem to him: "It is the presence of the other person not only in the process of writing, but at its very core, which is inserperable for me from absolute solitude." Some scenes the brothers wrote together; others were created by the writer himself, following discussions with the director. But from the perspective of time, it is "Birth Certificate", rather than "Echo" or "The Wicked Gate", that Taduesz describes as his most intimate film. This is understandable. The tradgey from September 1939 in Poland was for the Rozewicz brothers their personal "birth certificate". When working on the film, the director said "This time it is all about shaking off, getting rid of the psychological burden which the war was for all of us. ... Cooperation with my brother was in this case easier, as we share many war memories. We wanted to show to adult viewers a picture of war as seen by a child. ... In reality, it is the adults who created the real world of massacres. Children beheld the horrors coming back to life, exhumed from underneath the ground, overwhelming the earth."
The principle of composition of "Birth Certificate" is not obvious. When watching a novella film, we tend to think in terms of traditional theatre. We expect that a miniature story will finish with a sharp point; the three film novellas in Rozewicz's work lack this feature. We do not know what will be happen to the boy making his alone through the forest towards the end of "On the Road". We do not know whether in "Letter from the Camp", the help offered by the small heroes to a Soviet prisoner will rescue him from the unknown fate of his compatriots. The fate of the Jewish girl from "Drop of Blood" is also unclear. Will she keep her new impersonation as "Marysia Malinowska"? Or will the Nazis make her into a representative of the "Nordic race"? Those questions were asked by the director for a reason. He preceived war as chaos and perdition, and not as linear history that could be reflected in a plot. Although "Birth Certificate" is saturated with moral content, it does not aim to be a morality play. But with the immense pressure of reality, no varient of fate should be excluded. This approached can be compared wth Krzysztof Kieslowski's "Blind Chance" 25 years later, which pictured dramatic choices of a different era.
The film novella "On the Road" has a very sparing plot, but it drew special attention of the reviewers. The ominating overtone of the war films created by the Polish Film School at that time should be kept in mind. Mainly owing to Wajda, those films dealt with romantic heritage. They were permeated with pathos, bitterness, and irony. Rozewicz is an extraordinary artist. When narrating a story about a boy lost in a war zone, carrying some documents from the regiment office as if they were a treasure, the narrator in "On the Road" discovers rough prose where one should find poetry. And suddenly, the irrational touches this rather tame world. The boy, who until that moment resembled a Polish version of the Good Soldier Schweik, sets off, like Don Quixote, for his first and last battle. A critic described it as "an absurd gesture and someone else could surely use it to criticise the Polish style of dying. ... But the Rozewicz brothers do no accuse: they only compose an elegy for the picturesque peasant-soldier, probably the most important veteran of the Polish war of 1939-1945." "Birth Certificate" is not a lofty statement about national imponderabilia. The film reveals a plebeian perspective which Aleksander Jackieqicz once contrasted with those "lyrical lamentations" inherent in the Kordian tradition. However, a historical overview of Rozewicz's work shows that the distinctive style does not signify a fundamental difference in illustrating the Polish September. Just as the memorable scene from Wajda's "Lotna" was in fact an expression of desperation and distress, the same emotions permeate the final scene of "Birth Certificate". These are not ideological concepts, though once described as such and fervently debated, but rather psychological creations. In this specific case, observes Witold Zalewski, it is not about manifesting knightly pride, but about a gesture of a simple man who does not agree to be enslaved.
The novella "Drop of Blood" is, with Aleksander Ford's "Border Street", one of the first narrations of the fate of the Polish Jews during the Nazi occupation. The story about a girl literally looking for her place on earth has a dramatic dimension. Especially in the age of today's journalistic disputes, often manipulative, lacking in empathy and imbued with bad will, Rozewicz's story from the past shocks with its authenticity. The small herione of the story is the only one who survives a German raid on her family home. Physical survial does not, however, mean a return to normality. Her frightened departure from the rubbish dump that was her hideout lead her to a ruined apartment. Her walk around it is painful because still fresh signs of life are mixed with evidence of annihilation. Help is needed, but Mirka does not know anyone in the outside world. Her subsequent attempts express the state of the fugitive's spirits - from hope and faith, moving to doubt, a sense of oppression, and thickening fear, and finally to despair.
At the same time, the Jewish girl's search for refuge resembles the state of Polish society. The appearance of Mirka results in confusion, and later, trouble. This was already signalled by Rozewicz in an exceptional scene from "Letter from the Camp" in which the boy's neighbour, seeing a fugitive Russian soldier, retreats immediately, admitting that "Now, people worry only about themselves." Such embarassing excuses mask fear. During the occupation, no one feels safe. Neither social status not the aegis of a charity organisation protects against repression. We see the potential guardians of Mirka passing her back and forth among themselves. These are friendly hands but they cannot offer strong support. The story takes place on that thin line between solidarity and heroism. Solidarity arises spontaneously, but only some are capable of heroism. Help for the girl does not always result from compassion; sometimes it is based on past relations and personal ties (a neighbour of the doctor takes in the fugitive for a few days because of past friendship). Rozewicz portrays all of this in a subtle way; even the smallest gesture has significance. Take, for example, the conversation with a stranger on the train: short, as if jotted down on the margin, but so full of tension. And earlier, a peculiar examination of Polishness: the "Holy Father" prayer forced on Mirka by the village boys to check that she is not a Jew. Would not rising to the challenge mean a death sentance?
Viewed after many years, "Birth Certificate" discloses yet another quality that is not present in the works of the Polish School, but is prominent in later B-class war films. This is the picture of everyday life during the war and occupation outlined in the three novellas. It harmonises with the logic of speaking about "life after life". Small heroes of Rozewicz suddenly enter the reality of war, with no experience or scale with which to compare it. For them, the present is a natural extension of and at the same time a complete negation of the past. Consider the sleey small-town marketplace, through which armoured columns will shortly pass. Or meet the German motorcyclists, who look like aliens from outer space - a picture taken from an autopsy because this is how Stanislaw and Taduesz perceived the first Germans they ever met. Note the blurred silhouettes of people against a white wall who are being shot - at first they are shocking, but soon they will probably become a part of the grim landscape. In the city centre stands a prisoner camp on a sodden bog ("People perish likes flies; the bodies are transported during the night"); in the street the childern are running after a coal wagon to collect some precious pieces of fuel. There's a bustle around some food (a boy reproaches his younger brother's actions by singing: "The warrant officer's son is begging in front of the church? I'm going to tell mother!"); and the kitchen, which one evening becomes the proscenium of a real drama. And there are the symbols: a bar of chocolate forced upon a boy by a Wehrmacht soldier ("On the Road"); a pair of shoes belonging to Zbyszek's father which the boy spontaneously gives to a Russian fugitive; a priceless slice of bread, ground under the heel of a policeman in the guter ("Letters from the Camp"). As the director put it: "In every film, I communicate my own vision of the world and of the people. Only then the style follows, the defined way of experiencing things." In Birth Certificate, he adds, his approach was driven by the subject: "I attempted to create not only the texture of the document but also to add some poetic element. I know it is risky but as for the merger of documentation and poety, often hidden very deep, if only it manages to make its way onto the screen, it results in what can referred to as 'art'."
After 1945, there were numerous films created in Europe that dealt with war and children, including "Somewhere in Europe" ("Valahol Europaban", 1947 by Geza Radvanyi), "Shoeshine" ("Sciescia", 1946 by Vittorio de Sica), and "Childhood of Ivan" ("Iwanowo dietstwo" by Andriej Tarkowski). Yet there were fewer than one would expect. Pursuing a subject so imbued with sentimentalism requires stylistic disipline and a special ability to manage child actors. The author of "Birth Certificate" mastered both - and it was not by chance. Stanislaw Rozewicz was always the beneficent spirit of the film milieu; he could unite people around a common goal. He emanated peace and sensitivity, which flowed to his co-workers and pupils. A film, being a group work, necessitates some form of empathy - tuning in with others.
In a biographical documentary about Stanislaw Rozewicz entitled "Walking, Meeting" (1999 by Antoni Krauze), there is a beautiful scene when the director, after a few decades, meets Beata Barszczewska, who plays Mireczka in the novella "Drops of Blood". The woman falls into the arms of the elderly man. They are both moved. He wonders how many years have passed. She answers: "A few years. Not too many." And Rozewicz, with his characteristic smile says: "It is true. We spent this entire time together."
谁能想到，末世之下人工智能是因为要照顾一条狗被创造出来呢？
印度的电影逐渐走出了自己的风格，虽然并不是当今盛行的实验性电影风格，但是却把自己民族和国家的问题表达到了极致，《宿敌》不仅是父权社会与女权及人权的对抗，正是法律自身与自身的对抗，还是民主与政治的对抗，更是种姓制度与新时代人性的对抗。这些对抗加上层层的悬疑，让一个片子既有了阶层点燃大家的内心，又给予了片子本身强悬疑快反转的底色，虽然会有一定的bug，但是却给了电影更大的空间。这便是印度电影的进步，我们的亚太区电影真的各有各的特色，啥时候能咸鱼翻个身啊！
开场其实觉得会得奖的，只是渐渐地……就是说，又一部印度神剧呀！
剧情确实比较简单，放在“爱死机”系列里似乎也不违和。生命进入倒计时的Finch一方面珍视Goodyear的陪伴以至于专门造一个机器人来负责“遛狗”，另一方面却又难以与他人建立信任。在前往旧金山的旅途上，人、动物、机器人三者相互磨合、建立联系。有时不知该说是Jeff的学习曲线过于陡峭还是Finch过于心大，敢于让一个刚刚上手一天的司机开夜路。Jeff在一些技能上的木讷同在另一些情形下的机警也同样形成巨大反差。影片似乎没有解释清楚房车到底是用什么供能，如果是汽油，全程并没看到加油（况且如果已经荒无人烟，管道恐怕也早已荒废），如果是电力，又不能解释为何车顶的太阳能电池板被撞坏后似乎对旅程并没有什么影响。
韩国以及印度的电影，为何敢于这么拍出黑暗，国内连拍都不敢吧，敢拍的导演演员肯定直接被封杀，几乎不可能过审，都让国民活在童话之中，感谢韩国印度拍的这种电影，让我们看清楚人性
补标 一人一机一狗 人机相托 心光助前行
最后的合影破防了但忍不住思考：一个有情感的机器人和狗谁应该享有更多priority？让有情感的机器人牺牲自己保护狗是不是一种不人道主义行为？
不要轻视人的创造力，更不要低估人的破坏力。（人文科幻 大抵如此 ）
好几个反转，真相、政治、法律、人心，谁代表正义？正义是否得到伸张？期待续集
所有国家都在与问题的斗争中进步，只有我们在没问题的自嗨中坠落
-＂How do you know you can't trust those people?＂
3.5 汉克斯的表演至少将本片的高度拉了一层。最后演绎的真是太悲伤了。
条件宽松容易出好电影，但是并不代表一定拍成了好电影。
过誉，隔靴搔痒。视听感像电影，情绪煽动性极强的新闻专题片。配乐和歌曲不错，歌曲部分常速欣赏，其它1.5倍速飘过。以现实中印度强暴案的体量和深层根源来看，都改编电影直到看吐也难有改变的一天。电影其实是以谋杀而非强暴致死来规避风险，在没有原型事件情况下编拍并通过印度电影审查，国情不同，无需代入。2022·6·28 8.6/2189 短评889条 %83/13/4 【IMDb8.4/8300 全球票房313.51万美元】
但至少 是个开始吧
一个现代社会，居然一宗凶杀案究竟是恶意车祸还是qj案都分不清就开始定罪，真是太可笑了。影片主旨不是案件而是种姓制度和严重社会问题。
看了这部电影，感觉好多电影都是在狗刨…编剧神绝…
谁能想到，末世之下人工智能是因为要照顾一条狗被创造出来呢？
这种揭露政府阴谋，政治黑暗的电影还是得看韩国，无论是从影片节奏，还是讲故事的方式方法来讲都可以说完爆阿三；但阿三能拍出这样的题材的电影已算是一些国家可望而不可即的事了。当四名“罪犯”被处死，举国上下普天同庆的时候让我深感悲哀，在这鲜花，欢呼和烟花的背后，却是一名被残忍杀害香消玉损的人命，大家却都在欢呼？？？？？
实在太老套了。可作为丹尼特的意向系统理论演示，但先假设机器像人，再感动于其人性，这种做法可谓 机械降humanity
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